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Of Harvard University. 


TTO. 8. 

_ . MARCH, 1893. 

j .b, Cor\5-tC-t 

ACT TEXT OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE 
UNITED STATES AND THE 
ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS, 1787-1870. 



FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS. 


Third Edition, 



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mnicatt 



COLONIAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL. 


No. 8. —March, 1893. 


EXACT TEXT OF THE CONSTITUTION 
OF THE UNITED STATES AND THE 
ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS, 1787-1870. 

From the original manuscripts. 

Third Edition. 

The impulse to form a new Constitution for the United States of Amer¬ 
ica may be traced as far back as 1780, before the Articles of Confederation 
had been fully ratified (see Leaflet No. 20). Various attempts were also 
made from 1781 to 1784 to secure specific amendments (see Leaflet No. 
25). The first legal step, however, toward our present Constitution was 
the passage of a resolution by Congress, February 21, 1787, recommending 
a special Convention to revise the Articles of Confederation and report to 
Congress. Accordingly the Federal Convention assembled in Philadelphia 
and drew up the text of the Constitution in a session from May 25 to Sep¬ 
tember 17, 1787. For the general form given to the Constitution no one 




2 


COXSriTUTION 


person is responsible: the most active men were James Madison, Ed¬ 
mund Randolph, James Wilson, Benjamin Franklin and Alexander Ham¬ 
ilton. After agreeing on the general principles of the Constitution, a Com¬ 
mittee of Detail was appointed, July 24, 1787, of which Rutledge, of 
South Carolina, was chairman. The report of this committee contains in 
general outline the Constitution as we have it; but on September 8, a 
Committee of Style was appointed, which included Alexander Hamilton, 
Gouverneur Morris and James Madison. To Gouverneur-Morris is due the 
precise language of the instrument, and to his clear and terse expression 
we owe the lucidity and accuracy of phrase which characterize the United 
States Constitution. The original engrossed copy, with the signatures of a 
part of the members of the Convention, is preserved in the office of the 
Secretary of State in Washington. The originals of the fifteen Constitu¬ 
tional amendments are in the rolls of the Statutes, deposited in the State 
Department. The text below, both of the Constitution and the Amend¬ 
ments, is the result of careful comparison by one of the editors with the 
original manuscripts, February 10, ii, 1893; and it is intended to be abso¬ 
lutely exact in word, spelling, capitalization and punctuation. A few head¬ 
ings and paragraph numbers, inserted by the editor for convenience of 
reference, are indicated by brackets : [ ] 

Those parts of the Constitution which were temporary in their nature, 
or which have been superseded or altered by later amendments, are in¬ 
cluded within the heavy brackets : [ ] 

The legal authority from which the Constitution springs is not the reso¬ 
lutions of Congress, nor the roll of the document itself with its signatures, 
but the subsequent ratification of the Constitution by the thirteen original 
States of the Union, from 1787 to 1790; and the ratification of the fifteen 
Constitutional amendments by three-fourths or more of the legislatures of 
the States in the Union at the times when the several amendments were 
pending. 

Among other so-called verbatim texts are those in the Revised Statutes 
.of the United States; Manual of the Senate; Manual of the House oj 
Repi'esentatives; Robert Desty, The Constitution of the United States, 
■with APtes (San Francisco, 1887); William Hickey, Constitution of the 
United States, (Philadelphia, 1847), erroneously certified to as verbatim by 
James Buchanan, Secretary of State. In Albert Bushnell Hart’s Introduc¬ 
tion to the Study of Federal Government, (Boston, 1891,) the Revised 
Statutes text of the Constitution is shown in analytic form, and parallel 
with other Federal constitutions. All the above texts are more or less 
inaccurate, and ordinary texts frequently deviate widely from the originals. 


BIBL10 GRA PH Y—CALL. 


3 


The State Department, in 1891, issued an edition, The Constitution oj 
ihe United States with the Amendments, which has but two or three small 
errors ; another State Department edition is printed in the Documentajy 
History of the Constitution, Part III, pp. 3-21. Prof, Francis N. Thorpe 
has published a convenient vest-pocket edition (Philadelphia, Eldridge & 
brother, 1895), which he has compared with the original, and which is 
nearly correct. In Carson’s History of the Celebration of the One Hun¬ 
dredth Anniversary of the Promulgation of the Constitution of the United 
States (Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1889), is a fac-simile of the text of the 
Constitution. 

The best contemporary account of the Convention is its osvn journal, 
published in Elliot's Debates, vol. I. and the notes of debates taken by 
Madison and printed in Gilpin’s Madison Papers and in Elliot's Debates, 
vol. V. Other proceedings and memoranda may be found in Elliot, and 
there are brief references in the works of Washington, Franklin, Hamilton, 
Madison and Jefferson. P. L. Ford has reprinted contemporary criticisms 
in his Essays on the Constitution and Paf 7 iphlets on the Constitution. 
Elliot contains the debates in most of the States. 

Of the numerous secondary accounts of the Convention may be men¬ 
tioned: G. T. Curtis’ PHstory of the Constitution, IT, 232-604 (reprinted in 
vol. I. of his Constitutional History, chs. xv.-xxxvi.); George Bancroft, 
History of the Constitution, II., (reprinted in vol. VI. of his History of the 
United States, Author's Last RevisioJt)-, John Fiske, Critical Period of 
Atnej'ican Histoty, 183-350; J. H. Robinson, Sources of the Constitution ; 
J. B. McMaster, History of the People of the United States, I., 416-524; 
R. Hildreth, History of the United States, HI., 482-546. 


Feb. 21, 1787.—CALL BY CONGRESS. 

Whereas there is provision in the Articles of Confedera¬ 
tion & perpetual Union for making alteration therein by 
the Assent of a Congress of the United States and of the 
legislatures of the several States j And whereas experience 
hath evinced that there are defects in the present Confedera¬ 
tion, as a mean to remedy which several of the States and 
particularly the State of New York by express instructions to 
their delegates in Congress have suggested a convention for 


4 


CONSTITUTION 


the purposes expressed in the following resolution and such 
Convention appearing to be the most probable mean of 
establishing in these States a firm national government 

Resolved That in the opinion of Congress it is expedient 
that on the second Monday in May next a Convention of 
delegates who shall have been appointed by the several 
states be held at Philadelphia for the sole and express pur¬ 
pose of revising the Articles of Confederation and reporting 
to Congress and the several legislatures such alterations and 
provisions therein as shall when agreed fo in Congress and 
confirmed by the states render the federal constitution ade¬ 
quate to the exigencies of Government &: the preservation of 
the Union —Manuscript Journal of Congress, Vol. j 8 . 


[CONSTITUTION 

OF THE 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.]* 

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more 
perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic ITan- 
quility, provide for the common defence, promote the 
general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to 
ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this 
Constitution for the United States of America. 


• ARTICLE. 1 . 

Section, i. All legislative Powers herein granted shall 
be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall 
consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. 

Section. 2. [§ i.] The House of Representatives shall be 
composed of Members chosen every second Year by the 

* There is no title in the original manuscript. 


PREAMBLE—ART. I. SECT, z, I \ 5 

People of the several States, and the Pdectors in each State 
shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the 
most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.* 

[§ 2.] No Person shall be a Representative who shall not 
have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been 
seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall 
not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which 
he shall be chosen. 

[§ 3.] Representatives and direct Taxes shall be appor¬ 
tioned among the several States which may be included with¬ 
in this Union, according to their respective Numbers, [which 
shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free 
Persons,] including those bound to Service for a Term of 
Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, [three fifths of all 
other Persons]f. The actual Enumeration shall be made 
within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of 
the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten 
Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The 
Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every 
thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one 
Representative; [and until such enumeration shall be made, 
the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, 
Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Planta¬ 
tions one, Connecticut five. New-York six. New Jersey four, 
Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia 
ten. North Carolina five. South Carolina five, and Georgia 
three.] J 

[§ 4.] When vacancies happen in the Representation from 
any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs 
of Election to fill such Vacancies. 

[§ 5.] The House of Representatives shall chuse their 
Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power 
of Impeachment. 

Section. 3. [§ i.] The Senate of the United States shall 

be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the 
Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall 
have one Vote. 


* Modified by Fourteenth Amendment, 
t Superseded by Fourteenth Amendment, 
t Temporary clause. 



6 


CONSTITUTION 


[§ 2 ] Immediately after they shall be assembled in Conse 
quence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally 
as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators 
of tlie first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the 
second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the 
fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the 
sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second 
Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or other¬ 
wise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the 
Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until 
the next Meeting of the Legislature, which sliall then fill 
such Vacancies. 

[§ 3.] No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have 
attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a 
Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when 
elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be 
chosen. 

[§ 4.] The Vice President of the United States shall be 
President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they 
be equally divided. 

[§ 5.] The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also 
a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice Pres¬ 
ident, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of 
the United States. 

[§ 6.] The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all 
Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall 
be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the 
United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And 
no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of 
two thirds of the Members present. 

[§ 7.] Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend 
further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to 
hold and enjoy any Office of honor. Trust or Profit under 
the United States: but the Party convicted shall neverthe¬ 
less be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment 
and Punishment, according to Law. 

Section. 4. [§ i.] The Times, Places and Manner of hold¬ 
ing Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be pre¬ 
scribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the 
Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regu¬ 
lations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators. 

[§ 2.] The Congress shall assemble at least once in every 


A/^T. I. SECT. 3, I 2-ART. I. SECT. 7, ^ 2 


7 


Year, and such ^Meeting shall be on the first INIonday in 
December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day. 

Section. 5. [§ i.] Each House shall be the Judge of the 
Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, 
and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do 
Business ; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to 
day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of 
absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties 
as each House may provide. 

[§ 2,] Each House may determine the Rules of its Pro¬ 
ceedings, punish its Members for Disorderly Behaviour, and, 
with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member. 

[§ 3.] Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, 
and from time to time publish the same, excepting such 
Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy ; and the 
Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any 
question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, 
be entered on the Journal. 

[§ 4.] Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, 
without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than 
three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the 
two Houses shall be sitting. 

Section. 6. [§ i.] The Senators and Representatives shall 
receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained 
by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States, 
They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach 
of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attend¬ 
ance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going 
to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or 
Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any 
other Place. 

[§ 2.] No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time 
for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office 
under the Authority of the United States, which shall have 
been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been en- 
creased during such time ; and no Person holding any Office 
under the United States, shall be a Member of either House 
during his Continuance in Office. 

Section. 7. [§ i.] AW Bills for raising Rev^enue shall origi¬ 
nate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may 
propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. 

[§ 2.] Every Bill which shall have passed the House of 


8 


CONSTITUTION 


Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, 
be presented to the President of the United States; If he 
approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with 
his Objections to that House in which it shall have 
originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their 
Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Recon¬ 
sideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the 
Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the 
other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and 
if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a 
Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall 
be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Per¬ 
sons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the 
Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be 
returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) 
after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be 
a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Con¬ 
gress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which 
Case it shall not be a Law. 

[§ 3.] Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Con¬ 
currence of the Senate and House of Representatives may 
be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall 
be presented to the President of the United States ; and 
before the same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, 
or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds 
of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to 
the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill. 

Section. 8. The Congress shall have Power [§ i.] To lay 
and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the 
Debts and provide for the common Defence and general 
Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and 
Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States; 

■§ 2.] To borrow Money on the credit of the United States ; 

'§ 3.] 'Po regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and 
among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes; 

[§ 4.] To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and 
uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout 
the United States; 

[§ 5.] To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of 
foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Meas' 
ures; 




ART. I. SECT. 7, § 2—ART. I. SECT 8, | 18 


9 


[jj 6.] To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the 
Securities and current Coin of the United States; 

§ 7. To establish Post Offices and post Roads ; 

§ 8.] To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, 
by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the 
exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discov¬ 
eries ; 

[§ 9 ] To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme 
Court; 

[§ 10] To define and punish Piracies and Felonies com¬ 
mitted on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of 
Nations ; 

[§ II.] To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Re¬ 
prisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and 
Water ; 

[§ 12.] To raise and support Armies, but no Approprinlion 
of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than .wo 
Years ; 

[§ 13.] To provide and maintain a Navy ; 

[§ 14.] To make Rules for the Government and Regu¬ 
lation of the land and naval Forces; 

[§ 15.] To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute 
the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel 
Invasions ; 

[§ 16.] To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, 
the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be 
employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to 
the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and 
the Authority of training the Militia according to the disci¬ 
pline prescribed by Congress ; 

[§ 17.] To exercise exclusive 
whatsoever, over such District 
square) as may, by Cession of 
Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Govern¬ 
ment of the United States, and to exercise like Authority 
over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature 
of the State in which the same shall be, for the Erection of 
Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful 
Buildings ;—And 

[§ 18.] To make all Laws which shall be necessary and 
proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, 
and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the 


Legislation in all Cases 
(not exceeding ten Miles 
particular States, and the 




10 


CONSTITUTION 


Government of the United States, or in any Department or 
Officer thereof. 

Section. 9. [§ i.] ['Fhe Migration or Importation of such 
Persons as any of the States now existing shall think 
proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress 
prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but 
a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not 
exceeding ten dollars for each Person.]* 

[§ 2.] The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall 
not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or 
Invasion the public Safety may require it. 

[§ 3.] No Pill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be 
passed.!. 

[§ 4.J No Capitation, or other direct. Tax shall be laid, 
unless in Proportion to the Census or Enruiieration herein 
before directed to be taken. 

[§ 5.] No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported 
from any State. 

[§ 6.] No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of 
Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those 
of another; nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, 
be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another. 

[§ 7-] No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but 
in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a reg¬ 
ular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expendi¬ 
tures of all public Money shall be published from time to 
time. 

[§ 8.] No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the 
United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit 
or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Con¬ 
gress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of 
any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.! 

Section. 10.[§ i.] No State shall enter into any Treaty, 
Alliance, or Confederation ; grant Letters of Marque and 
Reprisal; coin Monev; emit Bills of Credit; make any 
Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of 
Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or 


* Temporary provision, 
t Extended by the first eight Amendments. 
Extended by Ninth and Tenth Amendments. 




AA^T. I. SECT. 8, 1 iS—AAT. II. SECT, i, ^ 2 


11 


Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any 
Title of Nobility. 

[§ 2.] No State shall, without the Consent of the Con¬ 
gress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, 
except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its 
inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and 
Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be 
for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all 
such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of 
the Congress. 

[§ 3.] No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, 
lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in 
time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with 
another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, 
unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will 
not admit of delay.* 


ARTICLE. IE 

Section, i. [§i.] The executive Power shall be vested 
in a President of the United States of America. He shall 
hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together 
with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be 
elected, as follows 

[§ 2.] Each Slate shall appoint, in such Manner as the 
Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal 
to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to 
which the State may be entitled in the Congress : but no 
Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of 
Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed 
an Elector. 

[The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and 
vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall 
not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. 
And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and 
of the Number of Votes for each ; which List'they shall sign 
and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Govern¬ 
ment of the United States, directed to the President of the 
Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence 
of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the 


* Extended by ThirteUith, Fourteenth and Fifteenth.Amendments. 




12 


CONSTITUTION 


Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Per¬ 
son having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the Presi¬ 
dent, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of 
E^lectors appointed ; and if there be more than one who have 
such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the 
House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Bal¬ 
lot one of them for President ; and if no Person have a 
Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said 
House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in 
chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States* 
the Representation from each State having one Vote ; A 
quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Mem¬ 
bers from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the 
States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after 
the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest 
Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice Pesident. 
But if there shouM remain two or more who have equal 
Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice 
President.]* 

[§ 3.] The Congress may determine the Time of chusing 
the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their 
Votes ; which Day shall be the same throughout the United 
States. 

[§ 4.] No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a 
Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of 
this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President ; 
neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall 
not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been 
fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. 

[§ 5.] In Case of the Removal of the President from 
Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to dis¬ 
charge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same 
shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may 
by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resigna¬ 
tion, or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, 
declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such 
Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, 
or a President shall be elected. 

[§ 6.] The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his 
Service.s, a Com|)ensation, which shall neither be encreased 


Superseded by 1'welfth Aniei'dment. 



‘ AA^T. II. SECT. I, I 2—ART. II. SECT. 3 


13 


nor cliiiiinished during the Period for which he shall have 
been elected^ and he shall not receive within that Period any 
other Emolument from the United States, or any of them. 

[§ 7.] Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he 
shall take the following Oath or Affirmation :— 

“ 1 do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully 
“execute the Office of President of the United States, and 
“will to the best of my xA.bUity, preserve, protect and 
“defend the Constitution of the United States.’’ 

Section. 2. [§ i.] The President shall be Commander 
in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and 
of the Militia of the several States, when called into the 
actual Service of the United States ; he may require the 
Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the 
executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the 
Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power 
to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the 
United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. 

[§ 2.] He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and 
Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two 
thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nomi¬ 
nate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the 
Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers 
and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other 
Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not 
herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be estab¬ 
lished by Law : but the Congress may by Law vest the 
Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, 
in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the 
Heads of Departments. 

[§ 3.] The President shall have Power to fill up all 
Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Sen¬ 
ate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End 
of their next Session. 

Section. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Con¬ 
gress Information of the State of the Union, and recom¬ 
mend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall 
judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary 
Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in 
Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the 
Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time 
as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and 


14 


CONSTITUTION 


Other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be 
faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of 
the United States. 

Section. 4. The President, Vice President and all civil 
Officers of the United Slates, shall be removed from Office 
on Impeachment for, and Conviction of. Treason, Biibery, 
or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. 

ARTICLE HI. 

Section, i. The judicial Power of the United States, 
shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferi'wi 
Courts as the Congress-may from time to time ordain and 
establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferioi 
Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and 
shall, at stated Ihines, receive for their Services, a Compen¬ 
sation, which shall not be diminished during their Continu¬ 
ance in Office. 

Section. 2. [§ i.] 'Fhe judicial Power shall extend to all 
Cases, in Law and hiquity, arising under this Constitution, 
the Laws of the United States, and 'Preaties made, or which 
shall be made, under their Authority;—to all Cases affecting 
Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;—to all 
Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction —to Contro¬ 
versies to which the United States shall be a Party ;—to Con¬ 
troversies between two or more States ;—between a State 
and Citizens of another State ; *—between Citizens of differ¬ 
ent States,—between Citizens of the same State claiming 
Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, 
or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or 
Subjects. 

[§ 2.] In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public 
Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a Slate shall 
be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. 
In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court 
shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, 
with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the 
Congress shall make. 

[§ 3.] The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Im¬ 
peachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held 


* Limited by Eleventh .\menclment. 



15 


ART. IT SECT. 3—ART. IV. SECT. 2, g 3 

in^ the State where the said Crimes shall have been com¬ 
mitted; but when not committed within any State, the 
Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may 
by Law have directed. 

Section. 3. [§ i ] Treason against the United States, 
shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adher¬ 
ing to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No 
Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testi¬ 
mony of two Witnesses to the same oveit Act, or on Con¬ 
fession in open Court. 

[§ 2.] The Congress shall have Power to declare the 
Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall 
work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the 
Life of the Person attainted. 

ARTICLE IV. 

Section, i. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in 
each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Pro¬ 
ceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by 
general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, 
Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect 
.thereof. 

Section. 2. [§ i.] The Citizens of each State shall be 
entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the 
several States.* 

[§ 2.] A Person charged in any State with Treason, 
Felony, or other Crime, who shall dee from Justice, and be 
found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive 
Authority of the State from which he ded, be delivered 
up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the 
Crime. 

[§ 3.] [No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, 
under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in 
Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be dis¬ 
charged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered 
up on Claim of the Party to whoin such Service or Labour 
may be due.jt 


* Extended by Fourteenth Amendment. 

^ Superseded by Thirteenth Amendment. 



16 


coNSTirurioN 


Section. 3 . [§ i.] New Slates may be admiiied by the 
Congress into this Union ; but no new State shall be formed 
or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor 
anv State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, 
or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures 
of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. 

[§ 2.] Lhe Congress shall have Power to dispose of and 
make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the'Per- 
ritory or other Property belonging to the United States; 
and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to 
Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any partic¬ 
ular State. 

Section. 4. 'Phe United States shall guarantee to every 
State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and 
shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Applica¬ 
tion of the Legislature, or of the Pixecutive (when the Legis¬ 
lature canno.t be convened) against domestic Violence. 

ARTICLE. V. 

The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall 
deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Con¬ 
stitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two 
thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for pro¬ 
posing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to 
all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when 
ratified by the Legislatures of three foinths of the sev¬ 
eral States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, 
as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be pro¬ 
posed by the Congress; Provided [that no Amendment 
which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight 
hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and 
fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article ; and] * 
that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its 
equal Suffrage in the Senate. 

ARTICLE. VI. 

[§ I.] All Debts contracted and Engagements entered 
into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as 


* Temporary provision. 



ART. IV. SECT, SIGN A TURES. 


17 


valid against the United States under this Constitution, as 
under the Confederation.* 

[§ 2.] This Constitution, and the Laws of the United 
States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all 
dTeaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority 
of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; 
and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any 
Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Con¬ 
trary notwithstanding. 

[§ 3.] The Senators and Representatives before men¬ 
tioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, 
and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United 
States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath 
or Affirmation, to support this Constitution ; but no 
religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification 
to any Office or public Trust under the United States. 

ARTICLE. VIL 

'rhe Ratification of the Conventions of niiae States, shall 
be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution 
between the States so ratifying the Same. 


[Note of the draughtsman 
as to interlineations in the 
text of the manuscript.] 
Attest 

WilliA.M Jackson 

Secretary.. 


Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent 
of the States present tlie Seventeenth Day of Sep¬ 
tember in the Year of our Lord one thousand 
seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Inde- 
pendance of the United States of America the 
Twelfth III Witness whereof We have hereunto 
subscribed our names.* 

Go WASHINGTON- 
Presidt and deputy from Virginia 


Delaware. 

f Geo : Read 
I Gunning Bedford jun 
John Dickinson 
I Richard Bassett 
[Jaco: J 3 room 


JVeio Hampshire. 

John Langdon } 
Nicholas Gilman ) 

J/assae/iusetts. 

\ Nathaniel Gorham 
} Rufus King 


* Extended by Fourteenth Amendment, Section 4. 
f These signatures have no other legal force than that of attestation 




18 


CONSTITUTION 


Maryland. Connecticut. 

James McHenry f Wm. Same. Johnson 

Dan of St. Thos. Jenifer ( Roger Sherman 


{ Dane Carroee 

Virginia. 

\ John Beair— 

(James Madison Jr. 

No) th Cafvlina. 
Wm. Beount 
Richd, Dobbs Spaight 
Hu WiEEIAMSON 

South Carolina, 
f j. Ruteedge, 

I ChareesCotesworth 
■J Pinckney 
I Charees Pinckney 
[ Pierce Buteer. 

Georgia. 

( WiEEiAM Few 
( Abr Baedwin 


iVcw Vorh. 

Alexander Hamilton 

JVeia Jersey. 

WiL : Livingston 
David Brearley 
J Wm : Paterson. 

[Jona: Dayton 

Pennsylvania. 

B Franklin 
Thomas Mifflin 
Robt. Morris 
! Geo. Clymer 
] Thos. Frrz Semons 
Jared Ingersoll 
James Wilson. 

Gouv Morfis 


ARTICLES in addition to and Amendment of the Constitu¬ 
tion of the United States of America, proposed by Congress, 
and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pur¬ 
suant to the fifth Article of the original Constitution.* 

[ARTICLE L]t 

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment 
of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or 
abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the 
right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the 
Government for a redress of grievances. 


*'I'his heading appears only in the joint resolution submitting the 
first ten amendments. 

f In the original manuscripts the first twelve amendments have no 
numbers. 






SIGN A TURKS—AMEND. VI 


19 


[ARTICLE II.] 

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of 
a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, 
shall not be infringed. 

[ARTICLE III.] 

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any 
house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, 
but in a manner to be prescribed by law. 

[ARTICLE IV.] 

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, 
houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches 
and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall 
issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affir¬ 
mation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, 
and the persons or things to be seized. 

[ARTICLE V.] 

No person shall beheld to answer for a capital, or other¬ 
wise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment 
of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval 
forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of 
War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for 
the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; 
nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness 
against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, 
without due process of law ; nor shall private property be 
taken for public use, without just compensation. 

[AR'riCLE VL] 

In all criminal prosecuiions the accused shall enjoy the 
right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of 
the State and district wherein the crime shall have been 
committed, which district shall have be n previously ascer¬ 
tained by law, and to be informed of th ‘ nature and cause 
of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses 
against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining wit¬ 
nesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel 
for his defence. 


'20 


COXSTJTUTION 


[ARTICLE VIL] 

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy 
shall exceed twenty dollars, the light of trial by jury shall 
be jireserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise 
re-examined in any Court of the United States, than accord¬ 
ing to the rules of the common law. 


[ARTICLE VIII.] 

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines 
imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. 

[ARTICLE IX.] 

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, 
shall not be construed to deny or dispaiage otliers retained 
by the people. 


;article X.] 

The powers not delegated to the United States by the 
Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved 
to the States respectively or to the people. * 

[ARTICLE XL] 

The Tudicial power of the United States shall not be con¬ 
strued to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced 
or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens 
of another Slate, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign 
State, t 


[ARTICLE XIL] 

The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and 
vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of 
whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state 
with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person 
voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted 
for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of 


* Aniendnients First to Tenth appear to have been in force from 
Nov. 3, 1791. 

t Pioclaimed to be in force Jan 8, 1798. 



AMEND. VII—AMEND. XIII. SECT. 2 


21 


all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted 
for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, 
which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed 
to the seat of the government of the United States, directed 
to the President of the Senate ;—The President of the Senate 
shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Represen¬ 
tatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be 
counted ;—The person having the greatest number of votes 
for President, shall be the President, if such number be a 
majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if 
no person have such majority, then from the persons having 
the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those 
voted for as President, the House of Rej resentatives shall 
choose immediately, by ballot, the President, hlut in choos¬ 
ing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the rep¬ 
resentation from each state having one vote ; a quorum for 
this purpose shall consist of a member or mernbers from two- 
thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be 
necessary to A choice. And if the House of Representa¬ 
tives shall not choose a Piesident whenever the right of 
choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of 
March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as 
President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional 
disability of the President.—The person having the greatest 
number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-Pres¬ 
ident, if such number be a majority of the whole number of 
Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then 
from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate sliall 
choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall 
consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and 
a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a 
choice. But no person constilulionally ineligible to the 
office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President 
of the United States.* 


Article XHI. 

Section i. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, ex¬ 
cept as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have 
been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, 
or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Seciion 2 . 


* Proclaimed to be in force Sept. 25, 1804. 



22 


CONSTITUTION. 


Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appro¬ 
priate legislation * 


Article XIV. 

Section i. All persons born or naturalized in the United 
States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens 
of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. 
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge 
the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United 
States ; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, lib¬ 
erty, or property, without due process of law ; nor deny to 
any person within its jurisdiction the equal projection of the 
laws. 

Section 2. ReiDiesentatives shall be apportioned among 
the several Slates according to their respective numbers, 
counting the whole number of persons in each State, exclud¬ 
ing Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any 
election for the choice of electors for President and Vice 
President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, 
the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the mem¬ 
bers of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male 
inhabitants of such Stale, being twenty-one years of age, 
and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, 
except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the 
basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the pro¬ 
portion which the number of such male citizens shall bear 
to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of 
age in such State. 

Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representa¬ 
tive in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, 
or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, 
or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, 
as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United 
States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an 
executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Con¬ 
stitution of ihe United States, shall have engaged in insur¬ 
rection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or com¬ 
fort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of 
two-thirds of each House, remove sucli disability. 


* Proclaimed to be in force Dec. 18, 1865. k'^ars the unnecessary 
approval of the President. 




AMEND. XIII. SECT. ^l—RESOLUl/ONS. 23 

Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United 
States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for pay¬ 
ment ot pensions and bounties for services in suppressing 
insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But 
neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pa\- 
any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or 
rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss 
or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations 
and claims shall be held illegal and void. 

Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by 
appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.* 

ARTICLE XV.-J- 

Section I. The right of citizens of the United States to 
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or 
by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition 
of servitude.— 

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce 
this article by appropriate legislation.—J 

The above text is from the Original Alanuscript Rolls, 

Sept. 13, 1787.—RESOLUTIONS OE THE CON¬ 
VENTION. 

Resolved that the preceeding Constitution be laid before 
the United States in Congress assembled, and that it is the 
opinion of this Convention that it should afterward be sub¬ 
mitted to a Convention of Delegates, chosen in each State by 
the Peo])le thereof, under the recommendation of its’ Legis¬ 
lature ; for their assent and ratification, and that each Con¬ 
vention assenting to, and ratifying, the same should give 
notice thereof to the United States in Congress assembled. 

Resolved that it is the opinion of this Convention that as 
soon as the Conventions of nine States, shall have ratified the 
Constitution, the United States in Congress assembled should 

* Proclaimed to be in force July 28, 1868. 

f Amendments Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth are numbered in 
the original manuscripts. 

J Proclaimed to be in force Mar. 30, 187c. " ' 



24 


CONSTITUTION 


fix a day, on which Electors should be appointed by the 
States which shall have ratified the same: and a day on 
which the Electors should assemble to vote for the President: 
and the 'Time and Place for commencing proceedings under 
this constitution. That after such publication the Electors 
should be appointed, and the Senators and Representatives 
elected : That the Electors should meet on the Day fixed 
for the Election of the President, and should transmit their 
votes certified, signed, sealed, and directed, as the Constitu¬ 
tion requires, to the Secretary of the United States in Con¬ 
gress assembled, that the Senators and representatives should 
convene at the Time and place assigned, that the Senators 
should appoint a President of the Senate for the sole purpose 
of receiving, opening, and counting the votes for President; 
and that after he shall be chosen, the Congress together with 
the President should without delay proceed to execute this 
Constitution. —Manuscript Journal of the Federal Con¬ 

vention, p. 757. 

Sept. 17, 1787.—LETTER OF THE CONVENTION 
TO CONGRESS. 

Sir, 

We have now the honor to submit to the consideration of 
the United States in Congress assembled, that Constitution 
which has appeared to us the most adviseable. 

The friends of our country have long seen and desired, 
that the power of making war, peace, and treaties, that of 
levying money and regulating commerce, and the correspond¬ 
ent executive and judicial authorities should be fully and 
effectually vested in the general government of the Union: 
But the impropriety of delegating such extensive trust to one 
body of men is evident—Hence results the necessity of a 
different organization. 

It is obviously impracticable in the federal government of 
these States, to secure all rights of independent sovereignty to 
each, and yet provide for the interest and safety of all: 
Individuals entering into society, must give up a share of 
liberty to preserve the rest. The magnitude of the sacrifice 
must depend as well on situation and circumstance, as on the 
object to be obtained. It is at all times difficult to draw 


THE CON FEN TION— CONG RE SS 


25 


with precision the line between those rights which must be 
surrendered, and those which may be reserved ; and on the 
present occasion this difficulty was encreased by a difference 
among the several states as to their situation, extent, habits, 
and particular interests. 

In all our deliberations on this subject we kept steadily in 
our view, that which appears to us the greatest interest of 
every true American, the consolidation of our Union, in 
which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety, perhaps our 
national existence. This important consideration, seriously 
and deeply impressed on our minds, led each state in the 
Convention to be less rigid on points of inferior magnitude, 
than might have been otherwise expected; and thus the Con¬ 
stitution, which we now present, is the result of a spirit of 
amity, and of that mutual deference and concession which 
the peculiarity of our political situation rendered indispen¬ 
sable. 

That it will meet the full and entire approbation of every 
state is not perhaps to be expected ; but each will doubtless 
consider, that had her interest been alone consulted, the con¬ 
sequences might have been particularly disagreeable or injuri¬ 
ous to others; that it is liable to as few exceptions as could 
reasonably have been expected, we hope and believe; that it 
may promote the lasting welfare of that country so dear to us 
all, and secure her freedom and happiness, is our most ardent 
wish 

With great respect. We have the honor to be. Sir, 

Your Excellency's 

most obedient and humble servants, 

George Washington, President. 

By unanimous Order of the Convention. 
His Excellency the President of Congress. 

—Documentary History of the Constitution of the United States 
of America., Part III., pp. 1,2. 

[The original manuscript is lost]. 

Sept. 28, 1787.—TRANSMISSION BY CONGRESS. 

Congress having received the report of the Convention 
lately assembled in Philadelphia 

Resolved Unanimously that the said Report with the reso- 



26 


CONSTITUTION 


lutions and letter accompanying the same be transmitted to 
the several legislatures in Order to be submitted to a conven¬ 
tion of Delegates chosen in each state by the people thereof 
in conformity to the resolves of the Convention made and 
provided in that case. — AIa 7 iusc 7 ipt Joiir 7 ial of Co 7 tgress. 

Sept. 13, 1788.—CONGRESS ANNOUNCES RATIFI¬ 
CATION. 

Whereas the Convention assembled in Philadelphia pur¬ 
suant to the resolutions of Congress of the 21st of Feby 1787 
did on the 17.^^ of Sept, of the same year report to the 
United States in Congress assembled a constitution for the 
people of the United States, whereupon Congress on the 28 
of the same Sept did resolve unanimously “That the said 
report with the resolutions N: letter accompanying the same be 
transmitted to the several legislatures in order to be submitted 
to a convention of Delegates chosen in each state by the 
people thereof in conformity to the resolves of the Conven¬ 
tion made and provided in that case” And whereas the 
constitution so reported by the convention and by Congress 
transmitted to the several legislatures has been ratified in the 
manner therein declared to be sufficient for the establishment 
of the same and such ratifications duly authenticated have 
been received by Congress and are filed in the office of the 
Secretary therefore Resolved that the first Wednesday in Jany 
next be the day for appointing Electors in the several States^ 
which before the said day shall have ratified the said consti¬ 
tution; that the first Wednesday in feby next be the day 
for the electors to assemble in their respective states and vote 
for a president: and that the first Wednesday in March next 
be the time and the present seat of Congress the place for 

commencing proceedings under the said constitution- 

— Ma 7 msc 7 'ipt Journal of Co 7 igress. 



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A series of exercises commemorative of Authors’ Birthdays, with sketches of 
the Authors—Longfellow, Lowell, Whittier, Bryant, Emerson, Holmes, Poe, 
Hayne, Carleton, Cary. 

Parallel Edition of the Classics. Consisting of the Original and 
Translation arranged on opposite pages. By a Latin Professor. 
12mo. Cloth. Price, $1.00 each. 

The value of a parallel edition for the home study of the Classics is obvious to 
all, and those desiring to obtain a knowledge of the literary masterpieces of 
antiquity will find this edition of great value in pursuing such a course of study. 

Now Ready. 

Casars Commentaries. Vergil's ^neid. Select Orations of Cicero. 

FREE TO ALL on application. Descriptive catalogue of the 
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Selections from Browning. 

Edited by C. W. FRENCH, 

Principal of the Hyde Park High School, Chicago. 


This volume includes a number of Browning’s most cele¬ 
brated poems, such as Saul, Rabbi Ben Ezra, Pheidippides, 
Abt Vogler, etc., besides a number of his best known lyrics. 
The selections are sufficiently copious and varied to afford a 
fair knowledge of the genius of this greatest of modern 
poets. 

The study of Browning’s works is productive of mental 
culture and power to an unusual degree, and no course of 
literature study can be considered complete which does not 
at least introduce the student to his works. 

It is the purpose of this book to render such assistance 
as is necessary to the comprehension of the great master¬ 
pieces of thought which he has bequeathed to the world, and 
at the same time to stimulate an interest in his works which 
shall lead to further study. To this end each of the longer 
poems is preceded by a suggestive analysis and such de¬ 
scriptive matter as is necessary. The scope of the book 
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ADOPTED, SEPTEflBER, 1893, 

By the State of South Carolina for use in the 
Free Public Schools of the State. 


The Graphic System of Practical Penmanship. 

By EDWIN SHEPARD. 

This System is free from technicality, and substitutes practical common 
sense for impractical theory. The copies are plain and beautiful, and 
the engraving, ruling and paper are excellent. 

A particular feature is the strong reversible binding. The books may 
be folded back so as to expose but one page, and yet occupy only half the 
usual amount of desk space, while still presenting a flat surface to write 
npon. This adds greatly to the convenience of the pupil and enables 
him to secure the correct position at the desk. 

Each book has a reversible blotter attached to the cover which can be 
shut into the book. 

The Courses comprised in this System are as follows:— 


Grammar Course, 0 numbers, per dozen.$0 96 

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Graphic Spelling Blank, per doz. 48 

Graphic Writing Chart, each. 1 50 

Practice Paper, per package of 50 sheets. 12 


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The Graphic System of Object Drawing. 

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Pupils are taught to draw directly from the object by a method which 
is a characteristic feature of this System. 

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- THE SCHOOL BULLETIN PUBLICATIONS. 


Mace’s Ainericaii Histoiy. 

A Working Manual of American History for Teachers and Students. By 

Prof. Wm. H, Mace. IGnio, pp. S97. Cloth, 
$1.00; manillaSOcts. 

(1) It outlines the subject to 1810, 
showinjf phases of institutional life so 
as to reveal the orj^anizinj' principle In 
each. CA It j?ives abundant reference 
by volume and pa^m to the leading? au¬ 
thorities, makiiif? the book usable when 
time is short and books are scarce. (3) 
It gives original material for study at 
first hand, sets original i)roblems. makes 
history real, and causes students to 
think. 

Bishop Vincent says of it: “ All readers in the C. L, S. C. for the coming 
year, and especially all local circles, .should procure a copy of this Working 
Manual of American History.” 

It contains 55 extracts from original documents, covering 171 pages, and 
including much that to most students is otherwise inaccessible; and its 
references to books are remarkably comprehensive and definite. It is, as 
its title indicates, a tcorking manual, in which nraterial is furnished the stu¬ 
dent, and such suggestions given for use of it as will make him a real in¬ 
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only a good text-book in American histoi'v ; it is a good text-book in meth¬ 
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Helps in Fixing the Facts of American History. By Henrv C. Nor- 
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Topics and References in American History, with numerous Search 
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Brief Vieivs of U. S. History. By Anna Juliand. IGmo, pp. GO, .35 cts. 

Outlines and Questions in U. S. History. By C. B. Van Wie. Paper, 
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C. W, BARDEEN, Piibli.slier, Syracuse, N. Y. 







NOW READY, 


The Common Sense . . . 

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A SYSTEM OF VERTICAL PENMANSHIP. 

By JOSEPH V. WITHERBEE, 

Principal of Public School No. 24 , Brooklyn, N. Y. 

In Seven Books, Nos. 1-2-3-4-5-6, and Tracing Book. 

Size, 5J4 X 8H inches. 

Price, per dozen, = = 85 Cents. 

Sample Set sent by mail on receipt of 50 Cents. 

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originally advanced and advocated by foreign educators. 

Copies. —The simplicity of the copies, both in form and spacing, reduces 
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Size. —The page is the same length and width as regular note paper and 
that size has been used for two reasons ; First, to accustom the pupil, 
while in school, to the ordinary space limitations within which most 
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Position. —Pupils using this System are not required to assume a set or 
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I. Sit squarely facing the desk with the feet flat on the floor ; 2, raise 
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American History Leaflets. 

COLOXtAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL. 

EDITED BY 

ALBERT BUSHNELL HART and EDWARD CHANNING, 

Of Harvard Univer.sitt. 


These Leaflets are designed to promote the scientific method of 
studying history from its documents, and furnish in convenient form 
and at a moderate price copies of original documents that have 
become famous in our colonial and constitutional history as the 
outcome of some important crisis, or as exponents of the theories 
underlying our form of government. Each Leaflet contains a brief 
liistorical introduction and bibliography to aid further investigatioD 
by the student. 


SERIES OF 1892. 

1. —The Letter of Columbus to Luis de Sant Angel announcing his 

Discovery, with Extracts from his Journal. 

2. —The Ostend Manifesto. 1854. 

3. —Extracts from the Sagas describing the Voyages to Vinland. 

4. —Extracts from Official Declarations of tue United States embody¬ 

ing the Monroe Doctrine. 1789-1891. 

5. —Documents illustrating the Territorial Development of the 

United States. 1733-1769. 

6. —Extracts from official Papers relating to the Bering Sea Contro¬ 

versy. 1790-1892. 

SERIES OF 1893. 

7. —The Articles of Confederation of the United Colonies of New 

England. 1643-1684, 

8. —Exact Text of the Constitution of the United States. From the 

Original Manuscripts. 1787-1870. 

9. —Documents describing the Voyage of John Cabot in 1497. 

10. —Governor McDuffie’s Message on the Slavery Question. 1835 

11. —Jefferson’s Proposed Instructions to the Virgiuia Delegates, 

1774, and the Original Draft of the Declaration of Indepen¬ 
dence, 1776. 

12. —Ordinances of Secession and other Documents. 1860-1861. 


SERIES OF 1894. 


13. —Coronado's Journey to New Mexico and the Great Plains. 

1540-42. 

14. —Plans of Union. 1696-1780. 

15. —The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, with the Alien, Sedition 

and other Acts. 1798-1799. 

16. —Documents illustrating the Territorial Development of the 

United States. 1584-1774. 

17. —Documents relating to the Kansas-Nebraska Act. 1854. 

18. —Lincoln’s Inaugural and First Message to Congress. 1861. 

All the above numbers are now ready for delivery. Price, 10 cents 

per number. 

ANNOUNCEMENT. 

SERIES OF 1895. 

19. —Extracts from the Navigation Laws. 1646-1700. 

20. —The Articles of Confederation and Preliminary Documents. 

1776-1781. 

21. —Documents relative to the Stamp Act. 1765-1766. 

22. —Documents illustrating State Land Claims and Cessions. 

1776-1802. 

23. —Extracts from the Dred Scott Decision. 1857. 

24. —Documents relative to the Bank Controversy. 1829-1833. 

The above six numbers will be issued bi-monthly in the months 
of January, March, May, July, September and November, 1895. 
Annual subscription, 60 cents. Price, per number, 10 cents. 


SOME PRESS AND OTHER COMMENTS. 

“These extracts from original documents, made by most competent hands, are 
intended to facilitate the study of American history in the original documents by 
those unable to reach large libraries, or by school classes without the time or ability 
to find and consult the State papers.”— Book News. 


“ Designed to encourage the method of studying and teaching history by means of 
the original sources,”—Annafs of American Academy of Political and Social Science. 

“These leaflets are valuable aids to the scientific study of history through its impor¬ 
tant documents; State papers which have had a distinct influence on the conduct of 
the State being published in this form at a trifling cost."—Springfield Republican. 


“They seem to me to be exactly what was needed,”—( 7 . V. Parsell, Prest,, Clinton 
Liberal Institute, Fort Plain, N. Y, 

“It seems to me that your History Leaflets ought to be LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
gressive teacher of American History.”—, 7 . D Billinghai 
River, N. J. 


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